Emma de Burgh (born 1860) was a famous American circus performer in the late 19th century, best known for the intricate reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper tattooed across her upper back.
The piece spanned from shoulder to shoulder and was regarded as one of the finest examples of tattooing in America at the time. It featured additional religious text, including a scroll with “The Golden Rule” above the scene and “Love One Another” on the table cloth.
She was tattooed by the legendary Samuel O’Reilly in New York City. Because the work was likely completed before or around the time he patented the electric machine in 1891, it is believed much of the piece was done by hand.
During the Victorian era, tattoos were often viewed as scandalous. Emma and her husband, Frank de Burgh, intentionally chose religious and patriotic motifs to project an image of piety and respectability to their audiences.
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| Portrait of Emma’s husband, Frank de Burgh |
To appeal to British crowds during a tour in 1887, Emma falsely claimed her tattoos were done to celebrate Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee. This marketing tactic helped turn the couple into a sensation across Europe.
Emma performed alongside her husband, Frank, whose back featured a massive rendition of the Crucifixion. They also famously had each other's names tattooed on their torsos as a sign of their love.
The famous Pre-Raphaelite painter Edward Burne-Jones sketched her in 1893. He later joked that because she had gained weight, the apostles in the Last Supper tattoo on her back appeared to have “broad grins.”
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| Illustration showing a view of Emma de Burgh’s elaborately tattooed back, on which Leonardo’s “Last Supper” appears as a motif. |
Emma de Burgh remains a pivotal figure in tattoo history because she helped move the medium away from “primitive” labels and toward being viewed as a legitimate, if unconventional, canvas for masterpiece recreations.































