Buenos Aires was founded by the Spanish in the 16th century. From the start it was a trading city: its residents are known as ‘porteños’, people of the port.
In the late 19th century, as the capital of an independent Argentina, Buenos Aires became immensely prosperous, known for its rich cultural life and architecture. By contrast, during the second half of the 20th century the city suffered from the national political and economic turmoil.
Since Argentina’s return to democracy in 1983, Buenos Aires has entered a new period of growth and it continues to benefit from its rich cultural inheritance. The Teatro Colón, established in the 19th century, is a world leading opera house. Tango remains one of the city’s main cultural exports, with its own festival, World Cup, dance halls (milongas) and local dance competitions. In 2009 UNESCO officially designated tango as part of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity.
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