Nazi officials use calipers to measure an ethnic German’s nose on January 1, 1941. The Nazis developed a pseudoscientific system of facial measurement that was supposedly a way of determining racial descent.
The Nazi regime utilized facial and cranial measurement systems, developed by racial theorists like Hans F. K. Günther, to supposedly determine racial descent and purity.
Anthropometric instruments, such as specialized Abawerke sliding calipers preserved by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, were used to collect quantifiable physical data.
These specific measurements of ethnic Germans were often carried out to screen candidates for the SS, fulfill agricultural settlement laws, or attempt to isolate physical traits of a fictional “Aryan” master race.
Ultimately, these efforts failed to establish any scientific basis for the regime's racial theories, as human biological diversity cannot be neatly categorized into fixed racial types. Instead, the biased data was used purely as a tool of propaganda and persecution.
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