Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805–1873) was a German painter best known for his romantic and highly idealized portraits of European royalty and aristocracy in the 19th century. His works are characterized by their elegance, refined detail, and the luxurious depiction of fabrics and accessories, making him a favorite among the nobility.
Born in Menzenschwand in the Black Forest region, Winterhalter trained in Germany and France, eventually gaining fame at the French court. He became a sought-after portraitist for royal families across Europe, including those of France, Britain, Austria, and Russia.
Winterhalter’s style blended academic precision with a soft, romantic touch. His portraits often flattered the sitter, portraying them with grace and dignity, set against richly textured backdrops. Among his most famous works are portraits of Queen Victoria, Empress Eugénie of France, and Empress Elisabeth of Austria (Sisi). One of his best-known compositions, Empress Eugénie Surrounded by Her Ladies-in-Waiting (1855), captures the opulence and elegance of Second Empire France.
Though sometimes criticized for idealizing his subjects, Winterhalter’s work remains iconic for its visual richness and insight into 19th-century aristocratic fashion and culture.
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| Portrait of the Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Maids |
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| Portrait of Leonilla, Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn |
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| Alexandra Iosifovna |
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| Alexandra, Princess of Wales |
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| Alexandrine, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha |
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| Carmen Duchesse de Montmorency |
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| Countess Lamsdorff |
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| Elisabeth with Her Long Hair |
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| Empress Elisabeth |
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| Frances Noel, Countess of Gainsborough |
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| Grand Duchess Sophie of Baden as a Widow |
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| Harriet Howard, Duchess of Sutherland |
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| Hélène of Mecklenburg-Schwerin with the Prince of Orléans |
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| Juliane, Princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield, Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna of Russia |
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| Lady Constance Leveson-Gower, later Duchess of Westminster |
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| Louise of Orléans, the First Queen of the Belgians |
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| Portrait of Charlotte of Belgium |
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| Portrait of Claire de Bearn, Duchess of Vallombrosa |
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| Portrait of Countess Marie Branicka de Bialacerkiew |
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| Portrait of Countess Olga Shuvalova |
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| Portrait of Czarina Maria Feodorovna and Her Sister Alexandra, Princess of Wales |
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| Portrait of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna |
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| Portrait of Empress Maria Alexandrovna |
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| Portrait of Grand Princess Maria Nikolaevna |
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| Portrait of Grand Princess Yelena Pavlovna |
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| Portrait of Princess Marie (Luise Alexandrine) of Prussia, Princess of Sachsen-Weimar and Eisenach |
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| Portrait of Princess Tatyana Alexandrovna Yusupova |
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| Portrait of the Countess Josephine von Berchem, at the Age of 22 |
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| Portrait of the Princess of Baden |
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| Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, later Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein |
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| Princess Alice, later Grand Duchess of Hesse |
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| Princess Elizabeth Esperovna Belosselsky-Belosenky |
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| Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, later Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen |
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| Princess Helena |
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| Princess Kotschoubey |
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| Queen Marie Amelie with the Duc de Nemours' Two Sons |
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| Queen Marie Amelie |
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| Queen Olga of Württemberg |
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| Queen Victoria |
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| Queen Victoria |
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| Queen Victoria |
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| Sophie, Grand Duchess of Baden |
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| The Cousins - Queen Victoria and Victoire, Duchesse de Nemours |
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| The Empress Eugenie (Holding Louis Napoleon on her Knees) |
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| The Empress Eugenie |
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| The Empress Eugenie |
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| The Family of Crown Prince and Crown Princess Frederick William of Prussia |
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| The Young Queen Victoria in 1837 |
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| Victoria, Princess Royal, later Empress Frederick |
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| Victoria, Princess Royal, later Empress Frederick |
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