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June 3, 2024

Amazing Photographs Capture Aboriginal Life in Western Canada From the Late 1920s and Early 1930s

Paul Coze (1903–1974) was a French/Serbian-American anthropologist, artist, and writer, most notable as a French authority on Native Americans, and for his public art in the 1960s.

Between 1928 and 1934, Coze made four trips across western Canada collecting ethnographic objects for the Musée d'Ethnographie (Trocadero) in Paris and the Heye Foundation in New York. An ardent admirer of Native American cultures, Coze helped organize the Cercle Wakanda, a group of Parisian “Indian hobbyists” who staged theatrical productions on Aboriginal themes. Coze also assembled a substantial private collection of ethnographic material from the Canadian Plains and Subarctic.

One hundred and twenty two items from his personal collection, ranging from garments and horse gear to model canoes and games, now form part of the Ethnology collections at the Royal Alberta Museum in Edmonton. They are accompanied by 58 photographs and 119 paintings, many of them portraits of individuals whom Coze met during his travels, as well as props used in Cercle Wakanda productions.

Together with Coze’s writings, published and unpublished, this assemblage of diverse objects offers a unique perspective on Aboriginal life of the early 20th century as well as European attitudes towards Aboriginal peoples and cultures.

Cree women working on a large moose hide - Waterhen River area, Northern Saskatchewan

Odjindja-Tchintchan, Nakoda medicine-man, near Banff, Alberta

Nakoda summer camp near Banff, Alberta

Unidentified man and child, Nakoda summer camp near Banff, Alberta

Dressing a horse for a ceremony, Nakoda summer camp near Banff, Alberta

Women scraping a large hide, Nakoda summer camp near Banff, Alberta

Women cooking over an open fire, Nakoda summer camp near Banff, Alberta

Unidentified Blackfoot woman with hide-scraping tools, Alberta

Unidentified Blackfoot woman, Alberta

Sweat lodge structure in the area of Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Cree women working on a large moose hide - Waterhen River area, Northern Saskatchewan

Cree women scraping a large moose hide - Waterhen River area, Northern Saskatchewan

Squatipew, Cree, Star Blanket Band, Fort Qu'Appelle, South Saskatchewan

Unidentified Plains Cree at a powwow in Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan

Unidentified Plains Cree at a powwow in Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan

Nakoda riders

Paul Coze greeting Wanhinkpe, Nakoda chief

Blue Bird and her sister, near Banff, Alberta

Blue Bird, Nakoda girl, near Banff, Alberta

Blue Bird, Nakoda girl, near Banff, Alberta

Young Cree woman between two elders - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Young men in ceremonial dress - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Photo of Kamaistit inside a sweat lodge - Waterhen River Cree, Northern Saskatchewan

Young couple beside a lake - Waterhen River Area, Northern Saskatchewan

Young Cree woman with birch bark container - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Young Cree couple beside a lake - Waterhen River Area, Northern Saskatchewan

Photo of Chief Two Bears beside his tepee -Southern Saskatchewan

Women arranging their tepees, Southern Saskatchewan

Tepee detail in Southern Saskatchewan

Young man inside a tepee holding pipe, Southern Saskatchewan

Tepee with figurative painting, probably Southern Saskatchewan

Prepariong for a ceremony, probably taken in Southern Saskatchewan

Ceremony being observed by visitors, probably taken in Southern Saskatchewan

Dancers going to a Pow-Wow

Photo of Ashatcheway, a Cree medicine man smoking an effigy pipe, Waterhen River Area, Northern Saskatchewan

Photo of Kousahpatsican, smoking his pipe - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Photo of Kousahpatsican, smoking his pipe

Photo of Cree woman smoking beside racks of drying meat - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Repairing a crack in a birch bark canoe with hot resin - Waterhen River Cree Northern Saskatchewan

Cree woman carrying domestic supplies - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Cree girl playing with a child suspended in a small hammock - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Photo of a circular wood frame structure used on ceremonial occasions - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Cree men, women and children participating in a ceremony - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Cree men, women and children participating in a ceremony - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Cree women performing the round dance - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Cree women performing the round dance - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Pipes and feathers used in the pipe ceremony - Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Pipe ceremony at Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Ceremonial offering at Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

Pipe ceremony at Waterhen River, Northern Saskatchewan

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