During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), Paris was besieged by the Prussian Army. After months of blockade, hunger, and then bombardment by the Prussians, the city was forced to surrender on 28 January 1871. On 28 March, a revolutionary government called the Paris Commune seized power in Paris. The Commune held power for two months, until it was harshly suppressed by the French army during the “Bloody Week” at the end of May 1871.
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| Paris in the 19th century |
Late in the 19th century, Paris hosted two major international expositions: the 1889 Universal Exposition, was held to mark the centennial of the French Revolution and featured the new Eiffel Tower; and the 1900 Universal Exposition, which gave Paris the Pont Alexandre III, the Grand Palais, the Petit Palais and the first Paris Métro line. Paris became the laboratory of Naturalism (Émile Zola) and Symbolism (Charles Baudelaire and Paul Verlaine), and of Impressionism in art (Courbet, Manet, Monet, Renoir).
These amazing vintage photos show what street scenes of Paris looked like in the 19th century.
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| Square Émile-Chautemps, April 1855 |
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| Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and Imperial Palace, August 1860 |
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| Paris street scenes, 1860 |
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| Tuileries Palace, circa 1860 |
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| Construction of the ticket offices of the La Trémoille pavilion around 1863 |
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| Notre-Dame, 1863 |
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| Palais-Royal Garden, 1865 |
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| Place de la Concorde, 1865 |
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| Rond Point des Champs Elysées, 1865 |
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| Rue de Rivoli, 1865 |
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| The Baths of the Samaritaine, Paris, circa 1865 |
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| Parc des Buttes Chaumont when the park opened, 1867 |
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| Notre-Dame, 1868 |
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| Hôtel-Dieu under construction, 1869 |
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| Boulevard de la Madeleine, 1870 |
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| Vendôme column, Paris, May 16, 1871. The column was pulled down under the direction of the painter Courbet. Rebuilt on May 30, 1873 for the price of 350,000 gold francs, which ruined Courbet |
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| Hôtel de Ville, 1872 |
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| Le Fort de Vanves, 1872 |
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| Grand Hôtel du Louvre, circa 1875 |
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| Île de la Cité, March 1875 |
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| Colonne de Juillet and Gare de la Bastille, circa 1880 |
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| Porte-Saint-Denis, 1880 |
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| Opéra Garnier, 1885 |
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| Palais-Royal, 1885 |
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| Port du Louvre, 1885 |
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| Eiffel Tower elevator, 1889 |
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| Boulevard des Capucines, circa 1890 |
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| Les Halles, circa 1890 |
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| Opéra Garnier, 1890 |
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| Paris merchants, 1890 |
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| Place des Victoires, 1890 |
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| Pont au Change, Aril 1890 |
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| Porte-Saint-Denis, May 1890 |
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| Rue du Temple, September 1890 |
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| Place de la Bourse, 1895 |
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