Hosni Mubarak’s presidency (1981-2011) was marked by a continuation of the policies pursued by his predecessor, including the liberalization of Egypt’s economy and a commitment to the 1979 Camp David Accords.
The Egyptian government under Mubarak also maintained close relations with the other member states of the Arab League, as well as the United States, Russia, India, and much of the Western World. However, international non-governmental organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have repeatedly criticized his administration's human rights record. Concerns raised include political censorship, police brutality, arbitrary detention, torture, and restrictions on freedoms of speech, association, and assembly.
Mubarak’s presidency greatly impacted Egyptian society and politics. This is in large part due to Egypt’s political structure, in which the President must approve all pieces of legislation and state expenditures before they are enacted.
These fascinating photos were taken by
Karol that documented everyday life of Egypt in 1981.
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| Aswan. Camel driver, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. A hard working man, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Affection, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Aga Khan Mausoleum, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Along the Nile, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Baker and assistant, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Blue door..., August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Bouquet, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Carry that weight, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Cobbler, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Delivery man and his brother, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Falafel cook, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Family portrait, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Father and daughter, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Men, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Musaharati, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Potatoes merchant, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Pulses merchant, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Punctum, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Seamstress and scissors, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Shoemaker, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Siblings, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Soft drink merchant, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Stare, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. The three of us, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Vegetables merchant, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Water fountain, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Working men, August 1981 |
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| Aswan. Young working men, August 1981 |
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| Cairo. After hours, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Brass craftsman, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Butcher, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Charcoal merchant, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Children at play, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. City of the Dead, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Commuters, August 1981 |
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| Cairo. Delivery, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Family, August 1981 |
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| Cairo. Fishmonger, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Ironer, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Munching, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Seamster, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Sisters, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Slumber, August 1981 |
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| Cairo. Sock ball, August 1981 |
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| Cairo. Tailor, July 1981 |
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| Cairo. Windows, August 1981 |
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| Chickpeas merchant, Egypt, August 1981 |
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| Luxor. Bargain, August 1981 |
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| Luxor. Circumspection, August 1981 |
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| Luxor. Journeyers, August 1981 |
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| Luxor. Livestock market, August 1981 |
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| Luxor. Siesta, August 1981 |
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| Luxor. Tittle tattle, August 1981 |
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| Sewing machine and apprentice, Egypt, August 1981 |
(Photo © Karol)
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