American women have participated in defense of this nation in both war and peacetime. Their contributions, however, have gone largely unrecognized and unrewarded.
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| African American women in the 19th century |
While women in the United States Armed Forces share a history of discrimination based on gender, black women have faced both race and gender discrimination. Initially barred from official military status, black women persistently pursued their right to serve.
During the Civil War, black women’s services included nursing or domestic chores in medical settings, laundering and cooking for the soldiers.
A set of fabulous photos from mj aux that show studio portraits of African American women in the 19th century.
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| Close-up portrait of a woman with huge shouldered dress, Omaha, Nebraska. (Photo by Conkling and Savitsky, 213 N. 16th St., Omaha) |
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| Close-up portrait of a woman in high-collared dress, St. Joseph, Missouri. (Photo by Lozo, 420 Felix Street, St. Joseph, Mo.) |
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| Portrait of a bright-eyed young woman, Fort Scott, Kansas. (Photo by Williams, First and Main Sts., Fort Scott) |
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| Portrait of a serious-looking woman, Waelder, Texas. (Photo by McCallum, Waelder, Texas) |
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| Portrait of a smiling young woman, Canandaigua, New York. (Photo by Finely and Sons, Main Street, Canandaigua, N.Y.) |
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| Portrait of a wide-eyed young woman in white dress, Hendersonville, North Carolina. (Photo by Baker, Hendersonville, N.C.) |
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| Portrait of a woman wearing a hat, St. Joseph, Missouri. (Photo by WM. V. Miller, The Photographer, 813 Francis Street, Between 8th and 9th Streets, St. Joseph, Mo.) |
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| Portrait of a woman, Flushing, New York. (Photo by L. Duck, Flushing) |
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| Portrait of a woman, Hartford, Connecticut. (Photo by Rodgers, Photographic Studio, Hartford, Conn.) |
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| Portrait of a woman, Richmond, Virginia. (Photo by Richmond Photograph Co.,827 and a half Broad St., Richmond, Va.) |
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| Portrait of a young lady wearing a cap of some sort, Oregon, Missouri. (Photo by Zook, Oregon, Mo.) |
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| Portrait of a young lady, Owego, New York. (Photo by Lovejoy, Front Street, Owego, New York) |
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| Portrait of a young woman holding her hat, Nashville, Tennessee. (Photo by Schleier, Nashville, Tenn.) |
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| Portrait of a young woman in front of a problem backdrop, Louisiana, Missouri. (Photo by Thomason, Louisiana, Mo.) |
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| Portrait of a young woman in long white dress, Pilot Point, Texas. (Photo by Marable, Pilot Point, Tx.) |
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| Portrait of a young woman wearing a long necklace and flowers, Columbus, Ohio. (Photo by Urlin, photographer, 216 and 218 S. High St., Columbus, O.) |
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| Portrait of a young woman wearing a shawl, Texas. (Photo by Brown, Texas) |
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| Portrait of a young woman, Brooklyn, New York. (Photo by J. W. Crawford, Photographer, 311 Fulton St., Cor. Johnson St., Brooklyn) |
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| Portrait of a young woman, Chicago, Illinois. (Photo by W. H. Schmidt, 925 W. North Ave., Chicago) |
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| Portrait of a young woman, Detroit, Michigan. (Photo by Hughes, 274 Woodward Ave., Cor. Grand Circus Park, Detroit, Mich.) |
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| Portrait of a young woman, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Le Rue Lemer, Harrisburg, Pa.) |
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| Portrait of a young woman, Oregon, Missouri. (Photo by P. M. Zook, Oregon, Missouri) |
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| Portrait of a young woman, Richmond, Virginia. (Photo by The Jefferson Fine Art Gallery, Richmond, Virginia) |
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| Portrait of a young woman, Springfield, Massachusetts. (Photo by A. V. Brown, 380 Main St., Springfield, Mass.) |
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| Portrait of a young woman, Washington D.C. (Photo by Geo. Prince, Artistic Portraits, Penna Ave. and 11th St., Washington, D. C.) |
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| Vignette portrait of a woman, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Davis Mahan, 43 5th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.) |
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| Vignette portrait of a young woman in fancy, feathered hat, St. Joseph, Missouri. (Photo by Saurman, 311 Felix Street, St. Joseph, Mo.) |
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| Vignette portrait of a young woman, St. Louis, Missouri. (Photo by S. Smith, 1115 Franklin Ave., St. Louis, Mo.) |
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| Writing on the back including: “Grandmother Riley” and “married 1866”. (Photo by Jas. W. Turner, 47 Hanover St., Boston, Massachusetts) |
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| Written on the back: “Grandma Dixon”. (Photo by the Royal Studio, 103 Westminster St., Providence, R.I.) |
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| Written on the back: “Jennie Book”. (Photo by Otto E. Weber, Practical Photographer, New York Gallery, 106 North Queen Street, Lancaster, Pa.) |
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| Written on the back: “William Hall, 2500 Clara St. NO”. (Photo by Royas and Conner, 1007 Canal St., New Orleans, La.) |
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| Written on the back: “Bettie Jones”. (Photo by G. Moses, 121 Canal St., New Orleans) |
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| Written on the back: “Carrie to Jennie, Mar. 22nd, 1890”. (Photo by A. C. C. Parlors, 715 Main Street, Kansas City, Mo.) |
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| Written on the back: “give to Sarah Mitchell”. (Photo by Blackshear, Cotton Ave., Macon, Ga.) |
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| Written on the back: “Grace Putnam”. (Photo by J. M. Chase, 30 State Street, Newburyport, Mass.) |
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| Written on the back: “R M B, 1889”. (Photo by graham, City Photo Gallery, Vergennes, Vt.) |
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| Written on the back: “Yours with respect, ?. ?. Alexander”. (Photo by Miller, Photo Artist, Battle Creek, Mich.) |
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| Young woman standing behind prop post and gate, St. Joseph, Missouri. (Photo by Smith, St. Joseph, Mo.) |
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| Young woman with intense gaze, Milford, Delaware. (Photo by D. R. Holmes, Milford, Del.) |
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