The story of Joe Arridy is a tragic case of a man with severe intellectual disabilities who was wrongfully convicted and executed in Colorado in 1939 for a crime he did not commit. Known as the “happiest prisoner on death row,” Arridy’s case became a symbol of the justice system’s failures and the vulnerability of people with mental disabilities.
Joe Arridy was born on April 15, 1915, in Pueblo, Colorado, to Syrian immigrant parents. From early childhood he showed clear signs of an intellectual disability. His IQ was later measured at 46, and doctors described him as having the mental age of a 6-year-old. He struggled in school, often bullied and misunderstood, and eventually spent years in the Colorado State Home and Training School for the “feeble-minded.”
In August 1936, 15-year-old Dorothy Drain was murdered and her 12-year-old sister Barbara was brutally assaulted in their home in Pueblo, Colorado.
Arridy was arrested for vagrancy in Cheyenne, Wyoming, days after the crime. Under intense, unrecorded police interrogation, the local sheriff, George Carroll, extracted a false and inconsistent confession from the highly suggestible Arridy. This confession was the primary evidence used against him, despite a lack of physical evidence.
Another man, Frank Aguilar, who had worked for the Drain family, was arrested separately and confessed to the crime, and the actual murder weapon was found at his home. The surviving victim, Barbara, identified Aguilar as her lone attacker. Aguilar was convicted and executed two years before Arridy.
In prison, Joe played with toy trains, smiled constantly, and didn’t comprehend that he was going to die. Despite the efforts of his lawyer, Gail Ireland, and even the prison warden, Roy Best, to commute his sentence, Arridy was executed by gas chamber on January 6, 1939, at the age of 23. He was reportedly smiling and calm on the way to the gas chamber, asking to save his final meal of ice cream for later, because he did not understand he was about to die.
For decades, advocates worked to clear Arridy’s name. In 2007, a new headstone was commissioned for his grave, which reads: “Here lies an innocent man.”
On January 7, 2011, 72 years after his execution, Colorado Governor Bill Ritter granted Joe Arridy a full and unconditional posthumous pardon, acknowledging the strong evidence of his innocence and the injustice of his conviction. The case is cited as a powerful reminder of the dangers of coerced confessions and the critical need to protect vulnerable individuals within the justice system.