The Prado’s
Mona Lisa is a painting by the workshop of Leonardo da Vinci and depicts the same subject and composition as Leonardo’s better known
Mona Lisa at the Louvre, Paris. The Prado Mona Lisa has been in the collection of the Museo del Prado in Madrid, Spain since 1819, but was considered for decades a relatively unimportant copy. Following its restoration in 2012, however, the Prado’s
Mona Lisa has come to be understood as the earliest known studio copy of Leonardo’s masterpiece.
The Prado Mona Lisa was created around 1503–1516 (more precisely often dated 1507–1516) in Leonardo’s workshop, likely simultaneously with the original. It was painted on a walnut panel (common in the period) by an unknown pupil or assistant working alongside Leonardo. Possible candidates include apprentices like Francesco Melzi or Salaì (Gian Giacomo Caprotti), though the exact artist remains unidentified. Leonardo likely supervised or authorized it.
The painting entered the Prado collection in 1819 (from the Spanish royal collection) but was long dismissed as a later, less important copy. It had a dull black overpainted background (added in the 18th century), brighter but flatter colors, and lacked the subtle sfumato of the original.
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| The Mona Lisa by an apprentice of Leonardo da Vinci. |
During preparations for a Louvre exhibition, Prado conservators examined the painting with infrared reflectography, radiography, and other techniques. They discovered under the black background lay a detailed Tuscan rocky landscape nearly identical to the Louvre version.
The underdrawing (preliminary sketch) matched the original, including the same pentimenti (artist’s changes/corrections) to hands, eyes, face contours, etc. This strongly indicates the two were painted in parallel in the same studio. Restoration removed the overpaint, revealing vibrant colors, visible eyebrows, and sharper details that the Louvre Mona Lisa has lost over time due to aging, varnishing, and cleaning.
The restored Prado version is often described as showing how Leonardo’s Mona Lisa likely looked when freshly painted—brighter, with more contrast and detail—making it a valuable “time capsule” for understanding the original.
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| The Prado’s Mona Lisa before its restoration, with the black repaint of the landscape background. |
Near-identical composition, pose, size proportions, and landscape. Both share the same creative evolution in underdrawings. The Prado copy lacks Leonardo’s masterful sfumato (softer blending), has slightly different perspective/angle on the background (as if painted from a nearby spot), more vivid colors, and better-preserved details like eyebrows. The original has deeper atmospheric depth and Leonardo’s unique touch.
This is not just “another copy” among dozens from the 16th–17th centuries. Its contemporaneous creation makes it uniquely valuable for art history, shedding light on Leonardo’s teaching methods, workshop collaboration, and the evolution of his masterpiece. It has been featured in exhibitions alongside the original and continues to draw interest for how it lets us “see” the Mona Lisa more as Leonardo’s contemporaries did.
While the Louvre painting is the singular original by Leonardo’s hand, the Prado version is its closest historical companion, painted in the same room, under the master’s eye, and now restored to reveal lost details of one of art’s greatest icons.