The Bordei, Traditional Romanian Dwelling From the Early 20th Century

The bordei was a traditional semi-subterranean home used by peasants in rural Romania, especially in regions like Teleorman County. By 1906, these dwellings were among the oldest forms of local housing, valued for their practicality in extreme climates. Built partially underground, bordei featured walls made from woven materials coated in clay and straw-thatched roofs—solutions well-suited to the land and seasonal cycles.

Life in early 20th century Teleorman remained deeply tied to agriculture, and the bordei offered a simple yet effective shelter. Typically consisting of a single room with minimal furnishings, they included a hearth for warmth and cooking. While not ornate, these homes embodied self-sufficiency and a lifestyle closely connected to nature. Their construction was often a communal activity based on shared customs.

As Romania began redefining its national identity around 1906, such traditional homes gained attention from ethnographers and cultural historians, who saw them as important symbols of rural heritage. Although many have disappeared, replaced by modern buildings, the bordei remains a powerful reminder of Romania’s agrarian roots and enduring cultural traditions.