Opening Night Screening of First Color 3-D Movie “Bwana Devil” in Hollywood, 1952

This striking photograph taken by LIFE magazine photojournalist J. R. Eyerman. Shot at the Paramount Theater in Hollywood on November 26, 1952, the image shows the opening-night screening of the first ever full-length, color 3-D movie, titled Bwana Devil.

Audience members sport 3-D glasses during the first screening of Bwana Devil, the first full-length, color 3-D movie, November 26, 1952, at the Paramount Theater in Hollywood. (Photo: J.R. Eyerman/Life Pictures/Shutterstock)

In the early 1950s, when Milton Gunzburg, a scriptwriter at MGM, and his brother Julian, a Beverly Hills ophthalmologist, developed a process that would allow moviegoers to watch the dominant entertainment medium of the age in what came to be called “3-D,” they figured Hollywood studios would leap at the chance to take advantage of their brainchild.

But movie studios, broadly speaking, are notoriously cautious creatures, and only one person—the remarkable and now largely forgotten screenwriter, director, producer and radio pioneer Arch Oboler—showed enough interest in the Gunzburg’s “Natural Vision” process to actually use the technology in one of his productions. When his 1952 movie, Bwana Devil, was released, Natural Vision was a huge part of the promotional campaign.

“The World’s First Feature Length Motion Picture in Natural Vision 3-Dimension,” Bwana Devil posters proclaimed. The movie’s tagline, meanwhile, offered the striking, near-poetic promise of “A LION in your lap! A LOVER in your arms!”

As visionary as Oboler’s effort might have been, the movie with which he introduced 3-D motion pictures to the world, while profitable, was destined to be remembered for agitating a good number of the men and women in the audience, rather than entertaining them.

In its December 15, 1952, issue the issue in which Eyerman’s famous photograph of the Paramount audience first appeared LIFE magazine summed up the evening thus:

“These megalopic creatures are the first paying audience for the latest cinematic novelty, Natural Vision. This process gets a three-dimensional effect by using two projectors with Polaroid filters and giving the spectators Polaroid spectacles to wear. The movie at the premiere, called Bwana Devil, did achieve some striking three-dimensional sequences. But members of the audience reported that the glasses were uncomfortable, the film itself dealing with two scholarly looking lions who ate up quantities of humans in Africa was dull, and it was generally agreed that the audience itself looked more startling than anything on the screen.”

Dull or not, the movie produced for an at-the-time stratospheric $400,000 made more than $2.5 million at the box office to become one of the biggest hits of 1953.