From 1940 to 1944, photographer Henryk Ross (1910-1991) documented life inside the Lodz Ghetto in Poland. Officially, Ross worked for the ghetto’s Jewish Administration’s Statistics department, photographing the Jewish ghetto’s inhabitants for identification cards and for propaganda images to be used by the Nazis. When Ross was not working in his bureaucratic capacity however, he risked his life to photograph the reality of daily life in the ghetto. Sometimes he shot through holes in walls or cracks in doors. On occasion, he flicked open his overcoat, took a photo, then quickly covered up his camera. If he’d been discovered, he would have been shot.
"There was an order: 'All the Jews to the ghetto!'" Henryk Ross would later recall. "The Jews in the town were robbed. They carried the remains of their possessions into the [Lodz] ghetto."
When news of the final order for the liquidation reached the ghetto in August, 1944, he packed the negatives into iron canisters, locked them into a tar-lined, wooden box and buried them under the remains of a house, where they lay, mouldering, for seven months.
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| Henryk Ross’s Litzmannstadt Ghetto identification card, December 25, 1941. |
"I buried my negatives in the ground in order that there should be some record of our tragedy... I was anticipating the total destruction of Polish Jewry. I wanted to leave a historical record of our martyrdom." - Henryk Ross said.
As one of the mere 877 recorded survivors of the ghetto, Ross returned for the negatives after Lodz’s liberation, discovering that more than half of the original 6,000 remained intact. His photographs, acquired by the Art Gallery of Ontario in 2007.
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| A group of women with sacks and pails, walking past synagogue ruins heading for deportation. |
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| A smiling child. |
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| A man who saved the Torah from the rubble of the synagogue on Wolborska Street. |
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| Deportation in winter. |
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| Residents sorting belongings left behind after deportation. |