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November 11, 2014

Black and White Photos of Spanish Civil War from 1936-1939

In 1935, David 'Chim' Seymour became the left-leaning publication "Regards"'s special correspondent to Spain. He covered the Spanish Civil War until the final defeat of the Spanish Republican Army by Franco's Nationalists in 1938. Chim's work from this period includes portraits of government leaders, soldiers preparing for battle, the poverty of peasants, workers in factories, and the terror of the war experienced by the Basques.


Non-identified attack during the Spanish Civil War. 1936.

Quote from a text written by Dr Juan NEGRIN, president of the Spanish government since 1937: "In life or war one cannot succeed without faith".

Republican soldiers in combat. 1936.

Members of the Republican army using a Vikers machine gun fabricated in England. 1936.

Murcia region. The port of Cartagena. The revolt of the pro Franco officers was silenced by Republican marines who founded a Committee on the battleship "Jaime 1" around July 20th. July 1936.

Battle of the Ebro river (July 25th to August 3rd 1938).

Battle of the Ebro river (July 25th to August 3rd 1938). Republican Army crossing the Ebro.

On the right, Julio ALVAREZ del VAYO, he was an active member of the PCOE (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party). In september 1936, he was appointed minister of Foreign Affairs by francisco LARGO CABALLERO.

From left to right: Spanish president Francisco Largo CABALLERO, and his minister of Foreign Affairs, Julio ALVAREZ del VAGO, member of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PCOE). 1936.

On the right, Spanish minister of Foreign Affairs Julio ALVAREZ del VAYO with an official vistor. 1936.

Asturia region. Oviedo. Volunteers of the International Brigades. February 1937.

Convent of Amorbieta. United in their joint hope for an autonomous Basque government, priests and the very catholic population lived alongside and remained in good terms with the "gudaris" (combatants). Winter 1936-1937.

The Republican Army. 1936.

Parade of the Republican Army. 1937.

United in their joint hope for an autonomous Basque government, priests and the very catholic population lived alongside and remained in good terms with the "gudaris" (combatants). Winter 1936-1937.

Under the autonomous government of Euzkadi no-one ever took notice of the Condor Legion (German air force sent by Hitler to support Franco) which would one day destroy Guernica and bomb extensively the Basque country. 1937.

Political rally against fascism and in favour of restoring the Republic in the whole of Spain. After july 1936.

The first fighter planes sent over by the USSR start flying above Madrid in November 1936. Pilots resting in open country near their Polikarpov.

The first fighter planes sent over by the USSR start flying above Madrid in November 1936. Here, a Polikarpov.

The first fighter planes sent over by the USSR start flying above Madrid in November 1936. Pilots resting in open country near their Polikarpov.

Republican air force in open country (the do not have a real air base). 1936.

The Republican air force in open country (they do not have a real air base). 1936.

Extremadura. A committee of peasants saluting, with their fists, militians leaving to join the forces in Madrid. 1936.

Soldiers, (maybe Basque) Republican prisoners of Franquist group. This photo got back by David SEYMOUR and communicated to the International Press. 1936.

In regions difficult to access, mules carried weapons and munitions. 1936.

Republican officers with journalists. 1936.

The International Brigades are made to leave Spain by the Jallander Commission, which ordered the departure of all foreign troops fighting alongside the Republicans and Franquists. Nevertheless the Germans and Italians continue to send over men and war supplies to Franco. The capital of Catalonia pays tribute to the International Brigades. During the ceremony, Dolorès IBARRURI, leader of the Spanish Communist Party, addresses the survivors of the International Brigades with her well-known "You are history! You are legend! [....] The blood spilt on our soil will not be sterile, it will be bear its fruit." Soldiers of the International Brigades during the farewell ceremony. October 28th, 1938.

A blackboard in the streets gives information about literacy teaching by Ateneo, a philanthropic organization. On the right are reported the last news from the Red Cross. 1936.

Industries in the Basque country are kept running by women who replace factory workers who have gone off to fight for Euzkadi's autonomy. 1936.

Industries in the Basque country are kept running by women who replace factory workers who have gone off to fight for Euzkadi's autonomy. Here, they weigh explosives intended for the manufacturing of shells. 1936.

Industries in the Basque country are kept running by women who replace factory workers who have gone off to fight for Euzkadi's autonomy. Women here manufacture shells. 1936.

Industries in the Basque country are kept running by women who replace factory workers who have gone off to fight for Euzkadi's autonomy. A missile factory. 1936.

The Basque country's industrial tradition has helped create assembly workshops for aeroplanes sent as spare parts by the USSR to the Spanish Republic. 1936.

The industrial tradition of the Basque country facilitates artisanal manufacturing of shells for the defense of the Republic. 1936.

The industrial tradition of the Basque country facilitates the artisanal manufacturing of cannons. 1936.

The Basque country's industrial tradition has helped create assembly workshops for aeroplanes sent as spare parts by the USSR to the Spanish Republic. 1936.

The Basque country's industrial tradition has helped create assembly workshops for aeroplanes sent as spare parts by the USSR to the Spanish Republic. 1936.

In Basque country, weapons industry is traditional. Work on it is an efficient way of supporting the Spanish Republic. 1936.

Barcelona. Maternity ward. July 1936.

Barcelona. Civil wedding in Barcelona: the judge reads out the legal documents in Catalan. Hanging on the wall on the left: portrait of the Spanish colonel NACIA. Civil ceremonies have been in place since 1931 but are still seen as a revolutionary statement. After the civil war and the return to Catholicism, the state religion, many couples married in a civil ceremony regained their unmarried status in the name of the law. July 1936.

Barcelona. During a certain period, ceremonies and religious meetings were held only in private places. Empty chairs are reserved for President AGUIRRE. July 1936.

Barcelona. During a certain period, ceremonies and religious meetings were held only in private places. July 1936.

Barcelona. Poster of the famous slogan "No Pasaran!" which became the battle-cry of the Republican forces. 1936.

Barcelona. July 1936.

Barcelona. Public schools became secular during the second Spanish Republic (1931-1939). In this school children write their lessons in Catalan. October 1936.

Amusement park in Barcelona. July 1936.

Courthouse of Barcelona. People's tribunal similar to those in place under the autonomous Government of Catalonia. The accused on the bench are on trial for conspiracy against the Republic. July 1936.

Law court of Barcelona. People's tribunal similar to those in place under the autonomous Government of Catalonia. The accused, seated on the bench on the right, are on trial for conspiracy against the Republic. July 1936.

Barcelona. Amusement park. July 1936.

Barcelona. Safety drill to prepare for a possible toxic gas bombing. 1936.

Barcelona. Arson of churches and monasteries was common during the first days of the Republic. Militias were created in order to preserve the artistic and cultural heritage of Spain from primal anti-clerical outbursts. Their mission was to protect churches, museums and librairies. Here a militia man poses for the photographer in front of an already ransacked church. July 1936.

German soldiers from the Thaelman Unit (name of the secretary of the German communist party imprisoned by Hitler). 1936.

Barcelona. The International Brigades are made to leave Spain by the Jallander Commission, which ordered the departure of all foreign troops fighting alongside the Republicans and Franquists. Nevertheless the Germans and Italians continue to send over men and war supplies to Franco. The capital of Catalonia pays tribute to the International Brigades. During the ceremony, Dolorès IBARRURI, leader of the Spanish Communist Party, addresses the survivors of the International Brigades with her well-known "You are history! You are legend! [....] The blood spilt on our soil will not be sterile, it will be bear its fruit." Party in honor of the International Brigades. October 28th, 1938.

Madrid. The Palacio de Liria (private home of the Duke of Berwick and Alba) has been the Communist Party's headquarters since the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and is kept by Republican soldiers. Young Fine Arts militiamen keep watch in the gardens whilst their comrades draw up a catalogue of the palace's works of art before their evacuation. The palace is bombed by the Fascist aviation in November 1936.

Barcelona. Not all the water pipes are cut off despite the Italo-German air force bombings. 1938.

Barcelona. On a market, after the Italo-German air force bombings. 1938.

Barcelona. After the Italo-German air force bombings. 1938.

Barcelona. After the Italo-German air force bombings. 1936.

Island of Minorca. Children take refuge in underground shelters to escape the bombings. Minorca is the only island that remains loyal to the Republic. Located directly across the Catalan coast and close to the Franquist island of Majorca, its main town found itself in the path of the Italian Fascist army. 1938.

Minorca is the only island that remains loyal to the Republic. Located directly across the Catalan coast and close to the Franquist island of Majorca, its main town found itself in the path of the Italian Fascist army. In march 1937, military service is compulsory. The government creates military school to form executives. Parade of soldiers belonging to the People's army. 1938.

Minorca is the only island that remains loyal to the Republic. Located directly across the Catalan coast and close to the Franquist island of Majorca, its main town found itself in the path of the Italian Fascist army. In march 1937, military service is compulsory. The government creates military school to form executives. 1938.

Minorca is the only island that remains loyal to the Republic. Located directly across the Catalan coast and close to the Franquist island of Majorca, its main town found itself in the path of the Italian Fascist army. These women from the town of Mahon show their ration cards. 1938.

Minorca is the only island that remains loyal to the Republic. Located directly across the Catalan coast and close to the Franquist island of Majorca, its main town found itself in the path of the Italian Fascist army. These sailors belong to the Mahon naval base. 1938.

(© David Seymour/Magnum Photos)

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